{"id":6372,"date":"2017-05-28T00:01:51","date_gmt":"2017-05-27T20:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/?p=6372"},"modified":"2017-05-28T00:01:51","modified_gmt":"2017-05-27T20:01:51","slug":"osteoarthritis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/osteoarthritis\/","title":{"rendered":"Osteoarthritis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p><strong>DEFINITION<\/strong><br \/>\nOsteoarthritis is a joint condition in which degeneration and loss of articular cartilage occur, leading to pain and deformity. Two forms are usually recognized: primary (idiopathic) and secondary. The primary form may be localized or generalized.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/imgur.com\/YU1kbiH\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"source: imgur.com\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/YU1kbiH.jpg\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>PHYSICAL FINDINGS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION<\/strong><br \/>\n\u25cf Similar symptoms in most forms: stiffness, pain, and crepitus<br \/>\n\u25cf Joint tenderness, swelling<br \/>\n\u25cf Decreased range of motion, joint contractures<br \/>\n\u25cf Crepitus with motion<br \/>\n\u25cf Bony hypertrophy<br \/>\n\u25cf Pain with range of motion<br \/>\n\u25cf Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint involvement possibly leading to development of nodular swellings called Heberden\u2019s nodes<br \/>\n\u25cf Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint involvement possibly leading to development of nodular swellings called<br \/>\nBouchard\u2019s nodes<br \/>\n\u25cf Figures 290\u20133 and 290\u20134 illustrate common abnormalities of the hands and feet.<br \/>\n<strong>CAUSE<\/strong><br \/>\nPrimary osteoarthritis is of unknown cause. Secondary osteoarthritis may result from a number of disorders including trauma, metabolic conditions, and other forms of arthritis.<br \/>\n<strong>DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS<\/strong><br \/>\n\u25cf Bursitis, tendinitis<br \/>\n\u25cf Radicular spine pain<br \/>\n\u25cf Infl ammatory arthritides<br \/>\n\u25cf Infectious arthritis<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/imgur.com\/p7AH6Ox\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"source: imgur.com\" src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/p7AH6Ox.jpg\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>IMAGING STUDIES<\/strong><br \/>\n\u25cf When the knee is involved with pain, x-rays should always be taken with the patient standing<br \/>\n\u25cf X-ray evaluation reveals:<br \/>\n\u25cf Joint space narrowing<br \/>\n\u25cf Subchondral sclerosis<br \/>\n\u25cf New bone formation in the form of osteophytes<br \/>\n<strong>TREATMENT<\/strong><br \/>\n\u25cf Rest, restricted use or weight bearing, and moist heat<br \/>\n\u25cf Walking aids such as a cane (often helpful for weightbearing joints)<br \/>\n\u25cf Suitable footwear<br \/>\n\u25cf Gentle range of motion and strengthening exercise<br \/>\n\u25cf Local creams and liniments to provide a counterirritant effect<br \/>\n\u25cf Education, reassurance<br \/>\n\u25cf Mild analgesics for joint pain<br \/>\n\u25cf NSAIDs if infl ammation is present<br \/>\n\u25cf Occasional local corticosteroid injections<br \/>\n\u25cf Viscosupplementation (injection of hyaluronic acid products into the degenerative joint) is of uncertain benefit.<br \/>\n\u25cf Nutritional supplements (glucosamine and chondroitin) are unproved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<footer class=\"entry-footer\"><span class=\"cat-links\">Posted in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dreb.info\/category\/general-surgery\/\" rel=\"category tag\">General Surgery<\/a><\/span><\/footer>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DEFINITION Osteoarthritis is a joint condition in which degeneration and loss of articular cartilage occur, leading to pain and deformity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[521],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6372"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6372"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6374,"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6372\/revisions\/6374"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aroxjblog.am\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}